The Role of the House of Commons
The House of Commons is regarded as the lower house, but it is by far the dominant branch of Parliament, and the main parliamentary arena for political battle.
The Prime Minister can only remain in office for as long as they have the confidence and support of a majority in the House of Commons.
Legislation
Although legislation may be introduced in either House, bills normally originate in the House of Commons. Most Bills are 'Public Bills', which are introduced by a government minister and change the general law. Bills brought in by other members of Parliament are known as 'Private Members' Bills'. Proposals affecting the rights of individuals or the powers of particular bodies are known as 'Private Bills'.
'Money Bills', which are concerned solely with public expenditure and taxation, are always introduced in the Commons and must be passed by the Lords without amendment.
When MPs vote in the House of Commons they say 'aye' or 'no'. In the House of Lords, Members vote saying 'content' or 'not content'.
Scrutinisation
The House also scrutinises the work of the Government - its policies and their administration. Parliamentary questions (PQs) are often regarded as the best means of seeking information about the Government's intentions, and over 50,000 PQs are raised each year. The majority of these are replied to through written answers. They are an effective way of raising, and perhaps resolving, grievances brought to MPs' attention by their constituents.
The Government policies can also be scrutinised through the Select Committee system. These Committees examine aspects of public policy, expenditure and administration, and, after private deliberation, present a report to the House. The members that nake up each committee are in approximate proportion to their party strength in the Commons. Each Committee elects its own Chairman.
